How do I create a new user account on windows 2003?

Even if you will not be using Terminal Services or have any other users using your server it is ALWAYS recommended to create an additional two (2) users, apart from Administrator. These two users are - another member of the “Administrators” group (to avoid actually logging on with the Administrator account, but you have the same privileges) AND a regular user, who is part of the “Users” group. It is recommended to only log on with the regular user, and use the “runas” command when you need to run a program as an Administrator, and to only log on with the secondary Administrator user when it is absolutely needed. This will show you how to create a secondary Administrator.

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Click the Start button, then Run…

Then type lusrmgr.msc

In the window that opens, right click in the right panel and click “New User”

In the New User dialog, type in your new user name and password (this will be our secondary Administrator account). Uncheck User must change password, and check Password never expires

Now, right click the new user and click Properties in the pop up menu

Go to the “Member of” tab and press the Add button

Type Administrators, then press the Check Names button (to complete the name, it will add the name of your computer) and press OK when it is done, then press OK on the Local Users and Groups dialog

We now have a secondary Administrator account! To have a regular user (highly recommended) do the same as above, until the User properties.

Certificate Signing Request (CSR) contains all the information regarding certificate application. It also includes the Public key.

Following steps will show how to generate a pair of private key and public Certificate Signing Request (CSR) for a webserver, “server” using Apache mod_ssl/OpenSSL.

root@vps [~]# openssl req -new -nodes -keyout vps.key -out vps.csr

This creates a two files. The file vps.key contains a private key;

Following is the output from the above command, you will have to fill some of the fields here:

root@vps [~]# openssl req -new -nodes -keyout vps.key -out vps.csr

Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
……………++++++
……++++++
writing new private key to ‘vps.key’
—–
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.
—–
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:GB
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:Berkshire
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:Newbury
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:Trulymanaged
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Webhosting
Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:vps.server.com
Email Address []:vps@server.com

Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:sdfhsdfj
An optional company name []:

Your CSR will now have been created. Open the vps.csr in a text editor and copy and paste the contents into the online enrollment form when requested.

Difference Between MSSQL Server 2005 Express, Standard and Work group Edition

MS SQL 2005 Express Edition features are as follows :

* CPU : No
* 1 GB max memory limit for buffer pool : Yes
* 4GB max database size : Yes
* SQL Server Agent : Yes
* Full Text Search : Yes
* IMPORT/EXPORT : No
* Basic Integration Services : No
* Advanced Integration Services : Yes

MSSQL 2005 Standard Edition features are as follows :

* CPU : Yes
* 1 GB max memory limit for buffer pool : No
* 4GB max database size : No
* SQL Server Agent : Yes
* Full Text Search : Yes
* IMPORT/EXPORT : Yes
* Basic Integration Services : Yes
* Advanced Integration Services : Yes

MSSQL 2005 Workgroup Edition features are as follows :

* CPU : Yes
* 1 GB max memory limit for buffer pool : No
* 4GB max database size : No
* SQL Server Agent : Yes
* Full Text Search : Yes
* IMPORT/EXPORT : Yes
* Basic Integration Services : No
* Advanced Integration Services : No

How to fix Input/Output error on a VPS?

Recently we came up with the following error on one of our server and could not fix the same.

The server is a Virtuozzo Server with Plesk but this fix works for cPanel and other Control Panels as well.

And the error is as follows;

mv: cannot stat ‘<filename>: Input/Output error
**Note with the filename indicating the corrupt files or broken files

1) Now fora temporary fix Input/Output error try the following:

• find /vz/private/vps_ID/ | grep “file_name”

**Note with the filename indicating the corrupt files or broken files

• Then “ls” on directory where file is stored.

• Remove the broken file and try to restart the VPS.

Explanation for the error with an e.g.

Now the Problem occurs when there are a few broken files inside private area of of the VPS here for e.g we use vps_ID as 1000000

[root@xx ~]# ls /vz/private/1000000/root/var/www/vhosts/domainname.com/httpdocs/images/
ls: /vz/private/1000000/root/var/www/vhosts/domainname.com/httpdocs/images/ln_9.gif: Input/output error
ls: /vz/private/1000000/root/var/www/vhosts/domainname.com/httpdocs/images/logo.jpg: Input/output error
ls: /vz/private/1000000/root/var/www/vhosts/domainname.com/httpdocs/images/ln_7.gif: Input/output error

Here the system cannot stat the files and cannot move them away and these are the files which suggest that the file system on server can be corrupted.

2) Now for a permanent fix for the Input/Output error perform “fsck” for /vz partition.

What is udev?

udev - /dev/ and hotplug management daemon

udev is a daemon which dynamically creates and removes device nodes from /dev/, handles hotplug events and loads drivers at boot time. It replaces the hotplug package and requires a kernel not older than 2.6.12.

Install udev in Debian

NOTE :: After installing this you need to reboot your machine.

When you install the Udev package in VPS based on Debian-4.0 template, you can may the following message:

Setting up udev (0.105-4) …
/var/lib/dpkg/info/udev.postinst: line 125: echo: write error: Operation not permitted

The problem is postinstall script tries to write to /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug file, and this operation is prohibited in a VPS.

To work around this problem ::

If any thing does wrong with the RPM database, you can use following way to rebuild the RPM database.

First remove the /var/lib/rpm/__db* files.

root@server [~]# cd /var/lib

root@server [~]# rm __db*

RPM Database rebuild:

root@server [~]# rpm --rebuilddb

root@server [~]# rpmdb_verify Packages

If your sites are using php as the major scripting & the server load is highly around 10+, PHP Cachers like APC , Xcache or Eaccelerator can are really help to minimize the load to 1-2.

APC: The Alternative PHP Cache (APC) is a free and open opcode cache for PHP. It was conceived of to provide a free, open, and robust framework for caching and optimizing PHP intermediate code.

XCache: XCache is a open-source opcode cacher, which means that it accelerates the performance of PHP on servers. It optimizes performance by removing the compilation time of PHP scripts by caching the compiled state of PHP scripts into the shm (RAM) and uses the compiled version straight from the RAM. This will increase the rate of page generation time by up to 5 times as it also optimizes many other aspects of php scripts and reduce serverload.

Eaccelerator: It is a free open-source PHP accelerator, optimizer, and dynamic content cache. It increases the performance of PHP scripts by caching them in their compiled state, so that the overhead of compiling is almost completely eliminated. It also optimizes scripts to speed up their execution. eAccelerator typically reduces server load and increases the speed of your PHP code by 1-10 times.

Operations running 24×7 are the key objectives of business continuityin any organization. It is a best practice to  establish data centers & sites in different geographic regions with replicated applications and data using geographic redundancy.

Implementing geographic redundancy is the main task which can be done in different ways. Deploying multiple sites & using some software to duplicate the data is the significant investment. Now a days IT professionals  build redundant sites as a backup and manually manage data replication and failover to the secondary site when needed. By virtualizing data center resources at both sites, you can turn non-performing assets into an ongoing available asset.

A better practice is to virtualize your server and application resources-a much more cost effective and a better overall architecture. Instead of deploying that very expensive mid-range system, virtualize multiple, low-cost, high-performance servers with applications and data, so when one server fails you are not impacted. This gives you the opportunity to achieve high availability and performance without breaking the bank.

How to converting MYSQL table from InnoDB engine to MyISAM

I have problem of table repair in InnoDB so I need to convert InnoDB to the engine MyISAM.

I converted a MySQL table’s InnoDB to the engine MyISAM.

The code I found for conversion:

ALTER TABLE Tablename ENGINE=MYISAM

You can replace MYISAM engine to InnoDB, ISAM, HEAP and etc.

Zombie process or defunction process is a process that has completed execution but still has an entry in the process table. The term zombie process derives from the common definition of zombie—an undead person.

Zombie processes are mostly harmless: they are a process which has finished and is sticking around because their parent hasn’t reaped their exit status. Normally it will do no harm to your system except resource waste.

You can use below command to kill zombie processes:

for i in `ps ax | grep Z | awk {’print $1?}`;do kill -9 $(cat /proc/${i}/status | grep PPid | awk {’print $2?});done